Peroral refers to passing through the mouth, Endoscopic refers to when doctors use a scope, and Myotomy refers to severing the muscles. POEM is a minimally invasive therapeutic endoscopic treatment used to treat severe swallowing difficulties and some esophageal disorders by cutting the muscles. This endoscopic procedure is most typically used to treat achalasia cardia and spastic esophageal motility disease. Achalasia cardia is a common motility issue defined by high pressure in the lower esophageal sphincter where the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax and motility problems where esophageal movement termed peristalsis is not operating properly resulting in difficulties swallowing. The lower esophageal sphincter (LES), the muscle that controls the emptying of the esophagus into the stomach, is in tight spasms in patients with achalasia cardia. This can cause dysphagia (inability to swallow food), weight loss, food regurgitation, heartburn, nighttime coughing, intermittent chest pain, and weight loss.
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