A liver biopsy is a process in which a small bit of tissue from your liver is removed by a doctor. A pathologist will use a microscope to analyze the tissue for evidence of injury or disease. A needle is inserted through your skin in the upper region of your abdomen to extract a small bit of your liver tissue during a percutaneous liver biopsy. The most common type of liver biopsy is percutaneous liver biopsy, which has been performed routinely for many years. To ensure that the needle is properly positioned, your doctor may do an ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan. A needle is inserted into a vein in your neck called the jugular vein during a transjugular liver biopsy. The doctor inserts a needle into your veins and into your liver to obtain a small sample of tissue. Transjugular biopsy is typically performed in patients who are at a higher risk of complications from percutaneous liver biopsy. Bleeding after a percutaneous biopsy, for example, is more probable among persons who have blood coagulation issues. Percutaneous biopsy is challenging in persons with ascites, a buildup of fluid in the abdomen caused by cirrhosis, since the liver is too far away from the skin and difficult to target.
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